ERITREA: Reinventing Democracy to fit Totalitarian Rule
Opinion
By Berhane M Tekeste
21 May 2007
What we have in Eritrea is a state system in which one person or an oligarchy (PFDJ) possesses absolute power without the restrains of national constitution, rule of law, political opposition;
Where the entire population is mobilized in support of the official state ideology and intolerance of activities that are not directed towards the goals of the state entail repression or state control of business, labor unions, religious institutions or political parties;
Where power is maintained by means of secret police, propaganda disseminated through the state-controlled mass media, regulation and restriction of free discussion, criticism and mass surveillance. What do you call it? Is it despotic, tyrannical, dictatorship, autarchy, autocracy, or monocracy? I looked it up. The answer is: Any and all of the above in two words: Totalitarian rule as exemplified for 16 years by the interim governmental authorities in Eritrea: One-man, one-party absolute rule by the barrel of the gun.
Democracy and totalitarian rule are mutually exclusive in the absolute best sense of either system. Yet, in an attempt to thwart and possibly circumvent constant calls for democracy, Eritrea ruler, Isayas Afewerki, is unabashedly engaged in a futile exercise to reinvent democracy to fit totalitarian rule by spreading perverted understanding of democracy in a last-ditch effort to perpetuate his totalitarian reign over Eritrea.
For the record, the call for democracy (constitutional governance) in Eritrea is not something that popped up out of nowhere recently or a foreign conspiracy hell bent to unseat the one-man, one-party (PFDJ aka EPLF) totalitarian rule of the interim governmental authorities in Eritrea, as they would like us to believe.The people of Eritrea have been prepared by this same PFDJ then EPLF for democratic governance already during the armed struggle for Independence. Democracy was then conceived at Independence in 1991 and delivered as a National Constitution in 1997 at its ratification year with the unequivocal acquiescence and unconditional consent of the PFDJ. But then the PFDJ arbitrarily quarantined the national constitution and with it democratic governance since. Understandably, the initial reason for that was the border war that came and went in year 2000 and the dispute has been conclusively resolved in 2002. Today, in the year 2007, as you will read below and by the president's own admission, "we have no problem with Ethiopia" and "Ethiopia wants nothing from Eritrea".
With that, the quarantine has served its purpose and the constitution must be released for public consumption as designed? But Eritrea ruler, Isayas Afewerki, is having the worst nightmare over democracy. He left no stone unturned in an attempt to go around the call for democratic governance (implementation of the constitution) until he apparently settled for a totally perverted understanding of democracy that he unabashedly proclaims in voluntary TV interviews after interviews.
To that effect, in Eritrea, democracy has been shamelessly perverted to serve the one-man, one-party Rule By The Barrel Of The Gun guided by the dictatorial modus operandi 'who is not for me is against me' and 'The end justifies the means' laced with the tyrannical 'my way or the highway' politics ever since Eritrea emerged as a politically independent, self-governing, and sovereign political entity 16 years ago in 1991. Therefore, whatever Eritrea ruler, Afewerki, says or does is based on and is a reflection of this his unblushingly perverted understanding of democracy.
Some 10 days ago, I pointed out (AfricanPath.com 10 May 2007) the nature of the political apparatus that is in charge in Eritrea. Now get what is wrong in Eritrea from the horse's mouth himself, the ultimate man of the land, Isayas Afewerki, as he tells the viewers of Al-Arabia TV unabashedly (sudantribune .com 10 May 2007).
Understandably but much to his dislike, the issue of democratic governance pops up any and every time Isayas Afewerki voluntarily presents himself to the international media. And Afewerki's tortured response has always been the same: Defensive, combative, and philosophical. Confronted with this nagging issue, Afewerki defined democracy to mean "allowing majority of the population to participate in the politics of their country" in an interview with Chinese News Magazine a couple of months ago. Faced with this same issue about 2 months later, Afewerki qualified his earlier definition of democracy and said "Real democracy means participation by the majority of citizens in any country or society through certain means and under certain conditions according to stages" and added "here is a conflict between the way we understand democracy and pluralism and the way others understand them. We cannot depend on foreign ideas that are not in our interest." This is not only a tortured response but also an unabashed and utterly perverted understanding of democracy.
In its simplest, most basic and most elementary form, democracy means governance by the laws that the people and all the people have clearly laid out and expressed in writing in a document called, in the case of Eritrea, the National Constitution. In a democratic system, therefore, the people are not participants but are the sole owners and masters of democracy and posses the sole authority to amend or fine-tune it when and if necessary. Politicians like Afewerki are mere participants in democracy (the law of the people) with the solemn obligation to meticulously and unconditionally abide by it. Politicians serve at the pleasure of the people and can be hired and fired by the people, not vice versa, Mr. President.
There is no and there can't be such thing as 'universal democracy/one democracy fits all' for it would defy the cultural and ethnic diversity of the planet we inhabit. Therefore, Democracy is defined by the National Constitution of any given political entity, society, or country not by the barrel of the gun or the will and whim of gun bearers? In Eritrea, democracy is what our National Constitution dictates not what president Aferki dictates. Democracy in Eritrea means doing it right by the letters and dictates of our National Constitution. Democracy is not a charitable act of politicians like president Isayas Aferwerki to the impoverished people of Eritrea. Democracy is the people's will that politicians like Afewerki have the privilege to participate in. History has it, that any and all attempts to deny the people of their will is short-lived and detrimental for sooner or later there is no doubt that the will of the people will prevail one way or the other.
Democracy is not something that is acquired by appointment (some stage) and an expiration date at one or another stage. Democracy starts the day any given society assumes a politically independent and self-governing sovereignty and persists for the life of its existence as such. The most elementary way for people to participate authoritatively in the business of governing their country is via openly, fairly, and freely elected representatives in a forum commonly known as parliament, house of representative, or congress. And that is all the people of Eritrea are rightly asking for, not a replica of this or that form of foreign democracy, Mr. President? Popular participation entails not only consent but also dissent and the right to express dissent openly, freely and peacefully.
Mr. President, rest assured, no one can demand anything of Eritrea that would violate or even remotely disrespect total sovereignty over our land. No one can even try to impose his or her version of democracy upon Eritrea. No one in Eritrea is calling for or demanding democracy ala US, UK, France, Germany, Kenya, Nigeria, Libya, Egypt, China, Soviet Union or any other country. All Eritreans are asking for is democracy ala Eritrea as has been clearly spelled out by our own Eritrean National Constitution that has been arbitrarily furloughed for now 10 years. Unless you, Isayas Afewerki, consider the Eritrean National Constitution foreign, your invocation of and reference to "foreign democracy" in conjunction with calls for democracy in Eritrea is utterly ludicrous and baseless.
Mr. President, Eritreans are not asking for democracy on trial and error basis. We are calling for democracy as spelled out by our National Constitution, which was drafted with your absolute and active participation and ratified with your unconditional consent? The constitution was crafted on the correct principle of "Unity in Diversity" and is unambiguous about our vertical diversity. Mr. president, you don't have to hear this from me or any other Eritrean, but just for the record, the struggle for Eritrea's national independence was not fought along our vertical diversity but in unison and side by side despite and in spite of our vertical differences for one and the some country we all now call home, are equally entitled to and are proud of? This land is not PFDJ's private property. It is indeed a commonwealth that we all share without any distinction whatsoever?
Unless you are having a second thought about it and are considering to declare our National Constitution a recipe for the fragmentation of the Eritrean society along our vertical diversity, which the people of Eritrea would never buy, your persistent reference to "soceities being split in an ethnic and sectarian manner" every time you are confronted with the issue of democratic governance in Eritrea, is utterly baseless and tantamount to fear mongering tactic to delay or even deny the people's call for constitutional governance. Like every initial national constitution, the Eritrean National constitution is not perfect but it is good. Perfection cannot be the enemy of the good or negate the good.
"What have we done in the last 15 years?" It is not the size or the quality of the service we have done, but it should be measured in terms of time and I think we have done our best and we are not saying it is satisfactory or we have done everything, but we have done a good deal of infrastructural work for the last 15 years." Told Afewerki China Business Weekly Magazine a couple of months ago. Mr. President, regardless of the quality of your infrastructural performance, it cannot mean and it is not a justification for a dictatorial one-man, one-party rule by the barrel of the gun. The end, no matter how good it is, does not justify the means (the way you assumed your governmental position and authority), sir. Only the people via a mechanism commonly known as a free, fair and open election put one into a public position such as the one you have assumed. How did you get into the position you have assumed for 16 years and counting? By the barrel of the gun?
"when you have 80%, 90% of the population living below the poverty line, when a small minority is benefiting from the resources available to a country and the bigger majority is living in destitution, how can we talk about democracy? Told Afewerki China Business Weekly Magazine when asked about democracy." Well, Mr. President, how do you then govern a country without democracy? By the barrel of the gun? Mr. President, being poor is not an indictment to subjugation and tyrannical one-man, one-party rule by the barrel of gun? Poor people do have rights, too? If not rich, poor people are at least human beings and are entitled to basic human rights like every other human being? Democracy is not enemy of the poor, Mr. president? To the contrary, democracy is the friend of the poor and the enemy of the rich, sir. The poor have nothing to lose but a lot to gain from democracy, sir. So, if you want to prevent small minority from being the sole benefactor of the country's resources and desire the bigger majority to have its share of the pie, then not denial but realization of democracy is the remedy.
Quizzed on political pluralism, "Eritrea is a small and young country. Let us see how successful such an experience is in old countries and governments applying it." said Aferki. Democracy is not a matter of speculation. No two nations are the same; hence there is no one 'democracy template' that would meet the needs, wills, wishes, and interests of two different societies. Democracy in Eritrea is fashioned and customized solely from Eritrean perspectives as stipulated and dictated by our national constitution not a copy of this or that country. You want to wait and see how it works in other countries. Granted. In the mean time how do you govern a country without a national constitution (democracy), which is the law of the land? By the barrel of the gun? What gives president Isayas Afewerki the authority to dictate when and how the Eritrean National constitution should or shouldn't be implemented, which is what the call for democracy in Eritrea is all about? Again, is it the barrel of the gun?
"the Ethiopian government does not represent anyone as proven by the recent elections in Ethiopia." So characterized Afewerki correctly the nature of Ethiopia rulers. No qualms, Ethiopia rulers (Woyane) have no popular legitimization for the elections have proven that indubitably. But where does president Afewerki draw legitimacy for his sole authority to reign over Eritrea? The barrel of the gun? The constitution, from where head of states commonly draw their legitimacy, has been quietly discarded and no elections held.
Afewerki's proclamation about non-existence of Eritrean opposition in Eritrea need not surprise any one. It is suicidal, for in Eritrea dissent has been declared treasonous and any and every political party but the ruling PFDJ has long been arbitrarily outlawed. But there is an undeniable call and demand for constitutional governance, what Eritrean opposition is all about, inside and outside of Eritrea in various forms and shapes. That said, absence of political opposition is not a flattery, something to be proud of, or brag about but a clear indication of the repressive nature of the ruling political apparatus. Has the presidency of Isayas Aferwki voluntarily exposed itself?
Dissent, even in a homogenous society, is human because although all human beings including Eritreans are born equal they are not identical, hence bound to have varying views on various issues including political issues. The right to dissent is, therefore, a human right.
There is light at the end of the tunnel, thought. Here is some good news:Asked what the Ethiopians want from Eritrea, Afewerki says: "Nothing". Responding to similar question on 4 May in Brussels, Afewerki said "we have no problem with Ethiopia." How about that? Following is more good news:
On whether war is now inevitable between Eritrea and Ethiopia, he says: "On the contrary, why should war break out between Eritrea and Ethiopia if the border issue has been legally resolved? There is a UN resolution and a court decision on this issue. Agreements were also signed. How can any side justify the war? We in Eritrea see no reason for the eruption of war between Eritrea and Ethiopia." Hallelujah!!
There you have it. The decision of the Boundary Commission is there to stay. What is left is for Eritrea to jettison its destructive "my way or the highway" politics and find a way to let interested third party/s make defeat palatable to the Woyané losers ruling Ethiopia. Defeat is like a bitter pill; it is hard to palate unless sugarcoated. Eritrea shouldn't care who takes care of the sugarcoating business as long as it yields the desired effect: The demarcation of the shared border as delimited and determined by the EEBC. It is perfectly achievable.
Having said that, a solid Rule of Law that emanates from our national constitution (constitutional governance) is a sine qua non for Eritrea to prosper economically or otherwise and peace & harmony among and between Eritreans to reign.
Eritrea has indeed all the stuff to be called Gateway to Africa. But in the absence of the rule of law passing through that Gateway is going to be, unfortunately, a lifetime gamble and at one's own peril.
Ever since May of 1991, when Eritrea emerged as a politically independent and self-governing sovereign nation, May 24 is Independence Day in Eritrea. Congratulations and Happy 16th Independence Anniversary, ERITREA, REGARDLESS. For they can deny us of our National constitution but they cannot take away that from us whatsoever. Eritrea is there to stay.
See also: ERITREA: Reinventing Democracy to fit Dictatorship
Author can be reached at bmtekeste@yahoo.com
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